Real-world asset (RWA) protocols have become a hot trend within decentralized finance (DeFi) circles.
An RWA protocol is a decentralized application that allows entities to tokenize and trade real-world assets. These assets range from stocks and government bonds to real estate and commodities. They are also known as asset tokenization protocols.
DeFi provides certain advantages over TradFi by making the smart contracts transparent and enabling a wide degree of financialization of assets by making them divisible, transferable and tradable on decentralized platforms.
The top uncollateralized lending protocols for institutions, TrueFi and Maple, have increased by 26.6% and 117.8%, respectively, in 2023. Centrifuge, a real-world asset tokenization platform, has surged by 32% year to date.
In comparison, the gains recorded by the DeFi pulse index in the same period were 13%. Glassnode’s index of DeFi blue-chip tokens has lost 7% since the year’s start.
Recent data from Nansen found that the governance tokens of RWA protocols surged significantly in January and April thanks to the rising interest in them.
Previously, experts had suggested that many DeFi veterans were already implementing RWA-based strategies but that the lack of sufficient RWA on-chain was hindering the ecosystem’s development.
This is changing due to increased tokenization of real-world assets.
TradFi interest boost RWA activity
The top RWA protocol by total locked value, Ondo Finance, is a DeFi platform that enables stablecoin holders to directly invest in exchange-traded funds managed by top-tier asset managers like BlackRock and Pimco. United States bonds of more than $100 million have been issued via Ondo, per DefiLlama data.
Goldman Sachs, Microsoft and Deloitte have eyed digital asset tokenization by partnering with the blockchain startup Digital Asset. German technology giant Siemens issued a digital bond on a public blockchain worth $64 million in February 2023.
The RWA assets account for 25% of the largest decentralized stablecoin Dai’s (DAI) collateral, having increased from zero before the start of the year.
MakerDAO, the community-led decentralized autonomous organization, has approved the conversion of centralized stablecoins like USD Coin (USDC) to U.S. Treasury bonds. The DAO accepts tokenized government and corporate bonds and commodities as collateral for minting DAI.
So far, debt market protocols like Maple Finance, TrueFi, Goldfinch and Clearpool have led the price action and activity among RWA protocols. These protocols enable non-collateralized lending for institutions.
Some of the top-ranked RWA protocols by total value locked, like Ondo Finance, MatrixDock and RealT, do not have a governance token attached to them. Nevertheless, these protocols have attracted usage thanks to the chances of a potential airdrop in the future.
Related: DeFi securitization of real-world assets poses credit risks, opportunities: S&P
Notably, the non-collateralized lending protocols carry the risk of debt default. FTX’s collapse led to a significant decline in Maple Finance’s price and pushed the protocol to the brink of insolvency.
The yields of the U.S. Treasury bonds are also set to fall once the Fed starts cutting its benchmark interest rate, which could make these assets less attractive.
Nevertheless, it is encouraging to see the increasing tokenization of real-world assets and their financialization through DeFi finally catching positive momentum as they gain institutional support.
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